Guide for GBS+ Women in Pregnancy & Labor

For women who are Group B Streptococcus (GBS) positive, the pregnancy journey might come with additional considerations. Group B Streptococcus is a common bacterium that can naturally inhabit the body. While it's usually harmless in healthy adults, it can pose a risk to newborns during childbirth. In this comprehensive guide, we'll walk you through important information, precautions, and steps to ensure a safe and smooth pregnancy and labor for GBS+ women.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS), also known as Streptococcus agalactiae, is a type of bacteria that can naturally reside in the digestive and reproductive tracts of both men and women. It's not uncommon; around 25% of pregnant women are carriers of GBS. While GBS generally doesn't cause harm to adults, it can pose a risk to newborns if passed from the mother during labor and delivery. To protect your baby, understanding the basics of GBS testing, prevention, and treatment is essential.

GBS Testing during Pregnancy

Around the 36th week of pregnancy, healthcare providers recommend GBS testing. This involves a simple swab of the vaginal and rectal areas. The sample is then tested for the presence of GBS bacteria. Testing positive doesn't mean you have an infection—it simply indicates that you are a carrier. Knowing your GBS status allows your healthcare team to take appropriate precautions during labor and delivery.

Preventive Measures

• Intravenous Antibiotics: If you test positive for GBS, your healthcare provider will likely recommend intravenous antibiotics during labor. Typically, penicillin is used as the first-choice antibiotic, unless you have an allergy. The antibiotics help prevent the transmission of GBS to the baby.
• Timing Matters: To ensure the antibiotics are effective, they should be administered at least four hours before delivery. If labor progresses too quickly, your healthcare team might consider alternative options, such as oral antibiotics.
• Ruptured Membranes: If your water breaks early (before labor begins), it's crucial to contact your healthcare provider. In such cases, they might recommend inducing labor to minimize the time between water breaking and delivery.
• Cesarean Section: If you have risk factors or complications, such as preterm labor, some healthcare providers might recommend a planned cesarean section to reduce the risk of GBS transmission.

Empowerment during Labor

• Communication: Effective communication with your healthcare team is paramount. Inform them about your GBS status, and discuss your preferences for labor and delivery. Your input matters, so don't hesitate to voice your concerns and ask questions.
• Labor Bag Essentials: Pack your hospital bag with care. Alongside the usual items, include your GBS test results, medical records, and a note detailing your GBS+ status. This ensures your healthcare team is well-informed.
• Labor Support: Whether it's a partner, friend, or doula, having a support person during labor can provide comfort and assistance. They can also help ensure your GBS status is communicated to the medical team.
• Monitor and Advocate: Stay informed about your progress. If there are any delays in receiving antibiotics or if circumstances change, advocate for your and your baby's well-being.

Post-Delivery Considerations

• Baby's Monitoring: After birth, your baby's health will be closely monitored, especially during the first 48 hours. Signs of GBS infection in newborns include fever, difficulty feeding, and lethargy. If detected, prompt treatment is crucial.
• Breastfeeding: GBS does not generally pass through breast milk, so breastfeeding is encouraged. It provides numerous health benefits for your baby.
• Follow-Up Care: Regular postpartum check-ups are essential. Discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider, and ensure your baby's health is monitored as well.

Being GBS+ during pregnancy might introduce extra precautions, but it doesn't diminish the beauty of this transformative journey. Armed with knowledge about GBS testing, prevention measures, and labor considerations, you can confidently navigate pregnancy and labor. Effective communication with your healthcare team, careful planning, and empowerment can help ensure a safe and positive experience for both you and your precious newborn. Remember, you're not alone on this journey—your healthcare providers, support persons, and resources like this guide are here to support you every step of the way.